Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Which organ performs both exocrine and endocrine functions?

1. Gall bladder

2. Liver

3. Pancreas

4. Spleen

The correct answer is: Pancreas

The pancreas uniquely serves both exocrine and endocrine functions, making it a vital organ in the human body. As an exocrine organ, the pancreas produces digestive enzymes, such as amylase, lipase, and proteases, which are secreted into the small intestine via the pancreatic duct. These enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. In its endocrine capacity, the pancreas contains clusters of cells known as the islets of Langerhans, which produce hormones like insulin and glucagon. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises them, thus playing a key role in maintaining glucose homeostasis. This dual functionality ensures that the pancreas is integral to the digestive process and the regulation of blood sugar levels in the body, highlighting its importance in both the digestive and endocrine systems. The other organs listed, such as the gall bladder, liver, and spleen, do not fulfill both types of functions in the same way as the pancreas does. For instance, while the liver has some endocrine functions, it primarily serves exocrine purposes related to bile production. This unique combination of functions in the pancreas makes it the correct answer to the question.