Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

Which of the following hormones is primarily involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle?

1. Insulin

2. Follicle-stimulating hormone

3. Adrenaline

4. Thyroid hormone

The correct answer is: Follicle-stimulating hormone

The hormone that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the menstrual cycle is follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). FSH is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and is important for the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females. During the menstrual cycle, FSH stimulates the follicles in the ovaries to develop, leading to the production of estrogen. This increase in estrogen levels is essential for the thickening of the uterine lining in preparation for potential implantation of a fertilized egg. As the cycle progresses, FSH levels, along with other hormones such as luteinizing hormone (LH), regulate ovulation and the overall hormonal balance necessary for a regular menstrual cycle. The chronological sequence of hormone release and their effects on the ovaries and uterine lining are critical to the menstrual cycle's phases, including the follicular phase, ovulation, and the luteal phase. Understanding the specific role of FSH helps clarify why it is more directly connected to the menstrual cycle than the other hormones listed. For instance, insulin primarily regulates glucose metabolism, adrenaline (or epinephrine) is involved in the 'fight or flight' response, and thyroid hormone influences metabolism and energy levels but does not directly regulate the menstrual cycle. Thus, the