Anatomy and Physiology II Practice Test

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Prepare for the Anatomy and Physiology II Exam with engaging quizzes. Study with flashcards and detailed questions, accompanied by explanations. Ensure your readiness for the test and boost your confidence to succeed!

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Which layer of an artery is primarily responsible for maintaining blood pressure?

Tunica Intima
Tunica Media
Tunica Adventitia
Endothelium

The correct answer is: Tunica Media

The tunica media, which is the middle layer of the artery, plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure. This layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle fibers and elastic tissue, allowing it to contract and relax. When the smooth muscle contracts, it narrows the lumen of the artery, a process known as vasoconstriction, which increases blood pressure. Conversely, when the smooth muscle relaxes, the luminal diameter increases through vasodilation, which can reduce blood pressure. The ability of the tunica media to change the diameter of the artery is essential for regulating blood flow and pressure throughout the circulatory system, particularly in response to different physiological demands such as exercise, stress, or changes in body position. This layer's muscular and elastic properties are what primarily enable arteries to withstand and manage the high pressure of blood as it is pumped from the heart.